[Dingfod]

The general implication I'm seeing and hearing from sensationalist headlines and writing is that it is fracking itself that is responsible for the tremors. That isn't what the people studying this have found at all, they have found that the waste water disposal injection wells that is responsible for the quakes. These wells are ones in which waste water from oil and gas production is pumped into formations that are a lot more porous than the shale that the controversial fracking has been taking place in. The volume of fluids involved in fracking are but a tiny percentage of the produced water from oil and gas wells. Some shale oil and gas production actually has very little water, some has quite a lot. However, conventional wells in porous limestone formations produce far more water than the shale formations, brine water. Shale is not very porous. Once again, I will point out that all oil and gas wells are fracked these days, not just the shale play.