The Mujahideen (the so-called freedom fighters) in Afghanistan routinely shelled Kabul and other cities before, during, and after the Russians occupation. They had declared jihad on Afghanistani government because it was leading the country toward more Westernization and had conducted a campaign of arresting dissenting mullahs. The Mujahideen hated the Russian installed government even worse. Their campaign of guerrilla warfare against them led to the Russian's being asked to intervene militarily. The Mujahideen also targeted for assassination anyone they deemed to be cooperating with the Russia-backed government or assisting the Russian military.
This book says the Mujahideen didn't specifically target civilians when they conducted rocket attacks on Kabul, but:
Quote:
A revealing comment on the unintentional killing of civilians was made to Mark Urban, the author of War in Afghanistan, by Abdul Haq, a Commander who operated against Kabul. He said, 'Their [the Mujahideen] target is not the civilians ... but if I hit them I don't care.... If my family lived near the Soviet Embassy I would hit it. I wouldn't care about them. If I am prepared to die, my son has to die for it, and my wife has to die for it.'
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I don't know how many Russian civilians were in Afghanistan, but I bet there were some. Doesn't really matter. The American civilian casualties in Iraq are hit because they are directly associated with the military. Easy to see why when they are often wearing the same or close to the same camoflage clothing as the military. The only reason there are so many American civilians in Iraq is because this administration has outsourced many of the occupational responsibilities traditionally performed by the military in wars past.